A New Methodology to Construct a Database of World University Exams

[EN] How can we improve the homogenization of university education around the world? This is the central question of our research. In order to answer it, we focus on the classic tool used to evaluate students: exams. The aim of our paper is to establish a methodology with which to construct a database of world university exams by academic field. The database would be available to professors and students worldwide, and both categories could use it to contrast their level in a certain subject. In this sense, our proposal aims to achieve two objectives: 1) to maximize the effectiveness of exams as a measurement of students´ knowledge; 2) to use exams as a tool to homogenize education within universities in a certain academic field.Pinar-Pérez, JM.; Fernandez-Moya, M.; Cuadros-Solas, P.; Salvador, C.; Morales-Arsenal, R. (2021). A New Methodology to Construct a Database of World University Exams. En Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 89-94. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2020.2020.11822OCS899

Mitigating deficiencies of generation Z through new educational methodologies in a business statistic course

[EN] Nowadays, most of the students in first course at University are from the socalled Generation Z. Since a young age, these students have been used digital technology such as internet, mobile phones, tablets and laptops developing certain skills. But a large majority of these students have some deficiencies such as low knowledge of mathematics, scarce levels of motivation, concentration or logical reasoning and little patience (they want to understand everything quickly). These characteristics must be improved being a hard work to do by teachers. New educational methodologies are being adapted taking into account these digital skills and mitigating the deficiencies observed in some students. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of using new methodological techniques in a business statistics course. The work focuses on the problem of increase the student´s motivation through the use of new digital tools such as video-lessons, screencasts and flipped classroom combined with neuroeducation techniques. Our hypothesis is mitigating the deficiencies of students through increasing their motivation. A multiple linear regression model to a set of students is carried out. Empirical results show, in general, that females take advantage of this methodology implemented better than males. Moreover, students with “good” performance reach better outputs (higher final score and a deeper knowledge of the subject) if additional methodological tools are implemented in the traditional class. While, there is not improvement for “bad” students.Pinar-Pérez, JM.; Morales-Arsenal, R.; Fernandez-Moya, M.; Cuadros-Solas, P.; Salvador, C. (2021). Mitigating deficiencies of generation Z through new educational methodologies in a business statistic course. En Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 81-88. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2020.2020.11821OCS818

Identification of critical components of wind turbines using FTA over time

Wind energy is currently the most widely implemented renewable energy source in global scale. Complex industrial multi-MW wind turbines are continuously being installed both onshore and offshore. Projects involving utility-scale wind turbines require optimisation of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety, in order to guarantee the financial viability of large scale wind energy projects, particularly offshore, in the forthcoming years. For this reason, critical wind turbine components must be identified and monito red as cost-effectively, reliably and efficiently as possible. The condition of industrial wind turbines can be qualitatively evaluated through the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The quantitative analysis requires high computational cost. In this paper, the Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) method is proposed for reducing this computational cost. In order to optimise the BDD a set of ranking methods of events has been considered; Level, Top-Down-Left-Right, AND, Depth First Search and Breadth-First Search. A quantitative analysis approach in order to find a general solution of a Fault Tree (FT) is presented. An illustrative case study of a FT of a wind turbine based on different research studies has been developed. Finally, this FT has been solved dynamically through the BDD approach in order to highlight the identification of the critical components of the wind turbine under different conditions, employing the following heuristic methods: Birnbaum, Criticality, Structural and Fussell-Vesely. The results provided by this methodology allow the performance of novel maintenance planning from a quantitative point of view

A Survey of Artificial Neural Network in Wind Energy Systems

Wind energy has become one of the most important forms of renewable energy. Wind energy conversion systems are more sophisticated and new approaches are required based on advance analytics. This paper presents an exhaustive review of artificial neural networks used in wind energy systems, identifying the methods most employed for different applications and demonstrating that Artificial Neural Networks can be an alternative to conventional methods in many cases. More than 85% of the 190 references employed in this paper have been published in the last 5 years. The methods are classified and analysed into four groups according to the application: forecasting and predictions; design optimization; fault detection and diagnosis; and optimal control. A statistical analysis of the current state and future trends in this field is carried out. An analysis of each application group about the strengths and weaknesses of each ANN structure is carried out. A quantitative analysis of the main references is carried out showing new statistical results of the current state and future trends of the topic. The paper describes the main challenges and technological gaps concerning the application of ANN to wind turbines, according to the literature review. An overall table is provided to summarize the most important references according to the application groups and case studies

Optimal Dynamic Analysis of Electrical/Electronic Components in Wind Turbines

Electrical and electronic components are very important subcomponents in modern industrial wind turbines. Complex multimegawatt wind turbines are continuously being installed both onshore and offshore, continuously increasing the demand for sophisticated electronic and electrical components. In this work, most critical electrical and electronic components in industrial wind turbines have been identified and the applicability of appropriate condition monitoring processes simulated. A fault tree dynamic analysis has been carried out by binary decision diagrams to obtain the system failure probability over time and using different time increments to evaluate the system. This analysis allows critical electrical and electronic components of the converters to be identified in different conditions. The results can be used to develop a scheduled maintenance that improves the decision making and reduces the maintenance costs

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio for the Assessment of Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Correlations With Fractional Flow Reserve/Intravascular Ultrasound and Prognostic Implications: The iLITRO-EPIC07 Study

Background: There is little information available on agreement between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) in left main coronary artery (LMCA) intermediate stenosis. Besides, several meta-analyses support the use of FFR to guide LMCA revascularization, but limited information is available on iFR in this setting. Our aims were to establish the concordance between FFR and iFR in intermediate LMCA lesions, to evaluate with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in cases of FFR/iFR discordance, and to prospectively validate the safety of deferring revascularization based on a hybrid decision-making strategy combining iFR and IVUS. Methods: Prospective, observational, multicenter registry with 300 consecutive patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis who underwent FFR and iFR and, in case of discordance, IVUS and minimal lumen area measurements. Primary clinical end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, LMCA lesion-related nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned LMCA revascularization. Results: FFR and iFR had an agreement of 80% (both positive in 67 and both negative in 167 patients); in case of disagreement (31 FFR+/iFR- and 29 FFR-/iFR+) minimal lumen area was & GE;6 mm(2) in 8.7% of patients with FFR+ and 14.6% with iFR+. Among the 300 patients, 105 (35%) underwent revascularization and 181 (60%) were deferred according to iFR and IVUS. At a median follow-up of 20 months, major adverse cardiac events incidence was 8.3% in the defer group and 13.3% in the revascularization group (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI 0.30-1.72]; P=0.45). Conclusions: In patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis, a physiology-guided treatment decision is feasible either with FFR or iFR with moderate concordance between both indices. In case of disagreement, the use of IVUS may be useful to indicate revascularization. Deferral of revascularization based on iFR appears to be safe in terms of major adverse cardiac events

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Technological innovation and dynamic capabilities in the spanish wind energy business

Wind energy is a disruptive technological innovation in the production of electricity in which Europe accounts for over half of the world?s installed capacity and European firms are worldwide leaders in wind turbines and wind farms. Taking the Spanish industry as a distinctive setting within Europe, a multiple case study shows that mainstream theories of technological innovation have failed to explain the processes by which an aeronautic, a construction and a utility firm have gained leading positions in the world?s wind energy business. These processes are instead explained from a dynamic-capability perspective by proposing a distinction between the discovery and development processes

Economic Viability Study for Offshore Wind Turbines Maintenance Management

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the development of offshore wind farms due to the increasing size and capacity of wind turbines, improvement of wind resources, social acceptance, noise reduction, depletion of onshore locations with great wind resources, etc. However, the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are too high to make offshore wind turbines economically viable. The use of condition monitoring systems (CMS) appears as a solution to minimize O&M costs and increase the reliability of offshore wind farms. The quantification of the economic benefits of CMS is a non-trivial problem. In this work is presented a novel maintenance management research based of an economic study of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of CMS for offshore wind turbines. The model includes the costs of investment and O&M of the CMS and costs for reduction of O&M and energy losses of the wind turbine generates by the implementation of CMS. These costs are related with a reliability analysis of a real case study. The application of the economic model on a real case study assuming different scenarios enables the analysis of the economic benefits to use CMS in offshore wind turbines

Economic viability analysis for icing blades detection in wind turbines

Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) of wind turbines in cold climates are closely related to ice accretion. The deterioration of RAMS of the wind turbines involves costs such as Operation and Maintenance costs and energy losses. Systems to monitor the condition of the wind turbines play a key role in the wind energy industry to decrease the costs mentioned above and to improve the maintenance management. This research presents an economic study of the life cycle cost (LCC) for ice condition monitoring systems in wind turbines. In particular, the paper studies the economic feasibility of different commercial ice detection systems through a LCC model when wind turbines are exposed to different scenarios. To date, the scientific literature does not collect any study about the LCC for ice detection systems using different annual rates of return, and providing a map with numerical solution. The study is extended by including a bank loan for a real point of view. The findings of this study reveal the ice detection systems that are more profitable and the selection criteria to decide the use of a bank loan. Finally, it is shown that predictive costs are much smaller than corrective cost reaching a reduction of these corrective costs with the ice detection systems